Just after the Shoah one of the best Polish poets Julian Tuwim wrote a manifesto "We, Polish Jews". He declared himself as a Jew "because of the innocently shed blood", not "because of the blood in the veins".
His parents were Jewish but he was completely assimilated. Some Jewish thinkers protested after Tuwim’s declaration – being Jewish means for them to be in some way connected to Jewish culture, to Judaism, to Jewish community. That was just after the Holocaust but what does it mean to be Jewish now?
Language: English
Bella Szwarcman-Czarnota completed her studies in Philosophy at Warsaw University, as well as a Postgraduate at the Institute of Applied Linguistics.
For many years worked for the Polish Scientific Publisher (departament of philosophy) and in the archives of Jewish Historical Institute.
Columnist and co-editor of the „Midrasz” magazine. Translated more than 30 books from French, Russian and Yiddish.
Author of 4 books dedicated mostly to women’s role in judaism and Jewish tradition.